What is the formula to calculate a vertical speed in feet per minute?

To calculate vertical speed in feet per minute, the correct formula involves relating the horizontal ground speed to the vertical component of a climb or descent. The essence of the calculation is based on the concept of converting a horizontal speed to a vertical speed using a specific ratio, often derived from the rate of descent or ascent over time, typically in relation to minutes.

In this context, option A, which uses a factor of 10 divided by 2 (or effectively 5), aligns with the idea that if you have a certain ground speed, you can estimate vertical speed depending on the climb rate or descent angle. The factor of 10 relates to the standard measurement where for every 60 seconds of climb or descent, the vertical distance achieved can be estimated against the horizontal ground speed.

Utilizing the correct relationship helps aviators ensure they maintain a safe rate of climb or descent, ensuring good performance during maneuvers that require altitude changes while also maintaining a specified ground speed. This is essential during both training and practical applications in flight operations.